Employer branding is the work of making an organisation legible as a place to work. It covers what you promise candidates, what employees actually experience, and whether those two things match closely enough that people stay.
Most companies already have an employer brand. It is simply being written by other people — on Glassdoor, in group chats, and in what former employees tell their friends. The work is deciding to author it deliberately instead.
In MENA specifically, the gap tends to be language and leadership visibility. Careers content exists in English while the candidate pool reads Arabic, and executives publish nothing, so the company has no human voice. Both are fixable.